煤礦采空區治理工程——注漿孔
采空區治理工程分為階段:
一階段(duan):采空(kong)(kong)區勘查(cha)(cha),主要目(mu)的(de)(de)是查(cha)(cha)明煤礦采空(kong)(kong)區的(de)(de)范圍、面積和(he)位(wei)置,為下一步采空(kong)(kong)區治理設計(ji)提(ti)供依據;
二階(jie)段:勘查階(jie)段結束后,在采(cai)空區治理具體施工(gong)(gong)設計編制的基礎上(shang)按其(qi)設計進(jin)行鉆孔、高壓注漿(jiang)施工(gong)(gong)。具體工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)內容包(bao)括(kuo):地(di)表打孔,通過注漿(jiang)泵、注漿(jiang)管,將水(shui)泥、粉煤(mei)灰漿(jiang)注入(ru)采(cai)空區和上(shang)覆(fu)巖體縫隙中。漿(jiang)液經過固化、膠結形成(cheng)結石(shi)體,對(dui)其(qi)上(shang)覆(fu)巖層形成(cheng)支撐(cheng)作(zuo)用,阻止(zhi)上(shang)覆(fu)巖層進(jin)一步冒落,確(que)保上(shang)部建(jian)筑物穩定。條件許可時,配合(he)井下空巷回填、砌(qi)碹、阻漿(jiang)墻等(deng)工(gong)(gong)程效果更好。
煤礦大口徑鉆井
煤(mei)礦大口徑工程井(jing)(jing)要求(qiu)井(jing)(jing)斜小、直徑大,其鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)方法可分為反井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)法和常規鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)法。
反井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)法雖(sui)然鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)效率高但(dan)對施(shi)工(gong)設備和工(gong)程條件要求苛刻,而常(chang)規(gui)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)法集定(ding)向(xiang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)、氣動潛孔(kong)錘鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)、分級擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)等技術為一體(ti),具有適(shi)用范(fan)圍廣、施(shi)工(gong)成本低(di)等特點。利(li)用常(chang)規(gui)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)法施(shi)工(gong)煤礦(kuang)大口徑工(gong)程井(jing)存在著擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)機械破巖能量不足(zu)和鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)液攜巖能力弱等問(wen)題,通過加(jia)大鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機扭(niu)矩、優(you)化擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)分級方案(an)以及采用氣舉反循環鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)藝可解決上述問(wen)題。